原文：WAI Site Usability Testing Questions
http://www.w3.org/WAI/EO/Drafts/UCD/questions.html

Pre Test Questions
测试前问题
www.amizhang.com/blog
1. Do you ever research issues related to Web accessibility for people with disabilities? (If no: skip to 11)
你是否曾经搜索过关于残障人士访问网页可及性问题的文章？(若否，跳至问题11)
2. What resources do you use to learn about Web accessibility? (Probe: Web sites, books, classes)
你通过什么资源了解网页可及性、(Probe 网站 书籍 课程)
3. (May not need to ask) What Web sites do you use to learn about Web accessibility?
(也许不必问)你去什么网站了解网页可及性？
4. How often do you use them?
访问有多频繁？
5. What do you like about each of the Web sites?
觉得这几个网站如何？
6. What do you dislike about each of the Web sites?
这几个站点有哪些地方你不喜欢？
7. What types of Web accessibility information do you look for on the Internet?
你在网上寻找什么类型的网页可及性信息？
8. What are the last three Web accessibility topics or questions you researched on the Internet?
你最近搜索的三个关于网页可及性的问题是什么？
9. What drives your interest in Web accessibility?
什么促使你对网页可及性问题感兴趣？
10. How long have you been involved in Web accessibility?
涉及网页可及性有多久了？www.amizhang.com/blog
11. Do any of the authoring tools you use have features to help make your Web sites accessible?
你用什么写作工具帮助你网站的可及性？
12. How long have you been involved in Web development or management?
涉及网站开发和管理多久了？
13. If you were to envision your ideal Web accessibility Web site, what sorts of information would it contain? What would it look and act like? How would it be organized?
如果设想理想的关于网页可及性的网站，会包括什么样的信息？看上去和用上去会如何？会是怎样组织的？

Participant Tasks
参与者任务

Task 1
www.amizhang.com/blog
This is the homepage of a Web site dedicated to Web-related accessibility issues. Please give me your initial reactions to this page. Feel free to explore this page as you normally would. You can scroll around with your mouse, but please don’t click on anything just yet. (全文…)

翻阅手边的书，其中提到启发式评估往往就一两个段落，没有较全的介绍。这篇是不错的指南，特此翻译并共享给大家。不过感觉直译比较生硬难理解，小兔翻译的时候就没有严格依据原文了，E文不错的同学们还是看原文为佳，呵呵~

作者：Denise Pierotti
原文：http://www.stcsig.org/usability/topics/articles/he-activities.html

Heuristic Evaluation
启发式评估
启发式评估（专家评审）这种诊断法，是由专家来扮演经验不足的用户，提出用户使用系统或界面时，可能出现遇见的问题。评审会基于遵守一系列的准则(heuristics)。作为一种“打折”的方法，启发式评估是为了快速修改、让交付物作为迭代设计的过程中的一部分。
www.amizhang.com/blog
References
参考资料
“启发式评估”，可用性检查方法 ，J. Nielsen 和 R. Mack，John Wiley and Sons, Inc，1994，第25至62页

Getting Ready (Project Lead activities)
准备(项目负责人)
● 选定和确定评估时使用的可用性准则 (heuristics)
● 选择你的评估团队。由三到五个可用性专家各自检查系统
● 计划地点、日期和每个可用性专家评定的时间 (全文…)

资料原文：http://www.usability.gov/templates/docs/test_fac_guide.doc (DOC 148KB)

感觉这些内容应该是书面的让用户签名的。不过依旧有一定的参考性。

Test Facilitator Guide

Welcome and Purpose 欢迎
Thank you for agreeing to participate in this Web site evaluation. Today we are asking you to serve as an evaluator of this Web site and to complete a set of scenarios. Our goal is to see how easy or difficult you find the site to use. We will record your reactions and opinions; so, we may ask you to clarify statements that you make from time to time.
感谢您参与这次网站评估。今天我们邀请你作为这个站点的评价员，完成一系列的操作场景。我们的目标是看看你访问这个站点有多方便或者困难。我们及录下你的反应和意见，因此希望你不时地说出你的看法。

Test Facilitator’s Role 测试员的角色
I’m here to record your reactions and comments of the Web site you’ll view. In a conference room nearby we have a few people who also will observe your interaction with the site. During this session I will not be able to offer any suggestions or hints. There may be times, however, when I’ll ask you to explain why you said or did something.
我在这里记录你对看到的网站的反应和评价。在附近的一个会议室，我们有一些人也能看见你在网站上的操作。过程中我不会发表意见或者提示。不过，我有时会询问你为什么你那么说、那么做。

Test Participant’s Role 参与者的角色
I will ask you to search for information on this site to learn if it works well for you. We’ll do this by giving you scenarios or tasks to complete on the site. You also will be asked a series of questions about your experience at the end of this session.
我们会给你场景或者任务，比如让你网站里寻找一些信息，来看这个网站对你来说是否好用。结束时我们会问你一些问题，询问你的体验。

Things to Keep in Mind 要记住的
Here are some things that you should know about your participation:
这里有些你需要知道的：
■ This is not a test of you; you’re testing the site. So don’t worry about making mistakes.
我们在测试这个网站，不是你。所以不用担心犯错误。
■ There is no right or wrong answer. We really just want to know if we designed the site well for you.
没有所谓正确或者错误的答案。我们只是想知道是否站点的设计适合你。
■ If you ever feel that you are lost or cannot complete a scenario with the information that you have been given, please let me know. I’ll ask you what you might do in a real-world setting and then either put you on the right track or move you on to the next scenario.
若你觉得糊涂了、或者不能根据提供的信息完成某个场景，请告诉我。我会问你在现实生活中会怎么做，然后引导你或者让你做下一个场景。
■ We will be video recording this session for further study if needed. Your name will not be associated or reported with data or findings from this evaluation. Please fill out the video release form.
为以后详细研究，我们可能在过程中录像。你的名字不会出现的评估数据或报告中。请填写同意录像表格。
■ Finally, as you use the site, please do so as you would at home or your office. I do ask that when looking for information, you do so as quickly and as accurately as you can.
最后，请你就像在家中或者办公室里一样访问站点。我会在需要的时候提问，请尽快和准确地回答。

Do you have any questions before we begin?
在开始前，你还有什么问题吗？

最近和我们的UI设计师一起讨论交互设计的时候，逐渐开始感觉对Persona的需要。 有时候，某个功能到底该怎样设计，方式A好还是方式B好，要看针对什么样的用户。这个时候，如果能举出一个典型的例子，比如某某、在什么样的情况下需要这个功能……就比较能够得出答案。

那么，逐渐地建立几个比较形象的用户的概念，自然会有助于我们的设计。小兔翻译了些资料作为参考，和大家分享下吧：
原文：http://www.usability.gov/analyze/personas.html

Develop Personas 建立角色
Translated by Ami Zhang
本文来自www.amizhang.com/blog

[*]What is a persona? 什么是角色
[*]How do we get information for a persona? 我们怎样获得角色的信息
[*]What does a persona look like? 角色是什么样的
[*]What characteristics are included in a persona? 角色包括些什么特性
[*]How do we select a name and photo? 怎样选择名字和照片
[*]What are the benefits of personas? 角色的好处是什么

本文来自www.amizhang.com/blog
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What is a persona? 什么是角色

A persona is a fictional person who represents a major user group for your site.
角色是一个代表网站(产品)主要用户群的虚拟人物
本文来自www.amizhang.com/blog
——————————————————————————–

How do we get information for a persona?
我们怎样获得角色的信息？

By analyzing what you learned about your users from user research, including:
通过分析从用户调查中对用户的了解，比如：
本文来自www.amizhang.com/blog

[*]Contextual Interviews 上下文访谈
[*]Individual Interviews 单独访谈
[*]Surveys (Online) 调查(在线)
[*]Focus Groups 焦点小组
[*]Usability Testing 可用性测试

Using this information, you identify major user groups of your Web site. You then select the characteristics that are most representative of that group and turn them into a persona.
通过这些信息，你可以区分出网站(产品)的主要用户群。从用户群中选择最有代表性的特征，把他们转换成人物角色。

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What does a persona look like?
角色是什么样的？

A persona typically includes a fictional name and characteristics that are consistent with one of the main user groups you have identified.
一个角色包括一个虚拟的名字，和与你某个主要用户群一致的特征。
The following example is only a small portion of a larger persona developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Economic Research Service (ERS).
下面的例子是一个很大的角色中的一部分，由美国农业部(USDA)经济调查服务(ERS)建立的。
本文来自www.amizhang.com/blog
USDA SENIOR MANAGER 农业部高级经理
GATEKEEPERS 社会观察人员

Matthew Johnson
Program Staff Director, USDA

51-years-old
Married, 3 children, 1 grandchild
Ph.D. in Agricultural Economics
农业经济学博士
Comfortable using a computer, intermediate Internet user, with a T1 connection at work and dial-up at home
熟练运用电脑，中级互联网用户，办公室T1网络接入，家中拨号上网
Uses email extensively;uses the web about 1.5 hours a day for his work
广泛使用Email，每天工作用1.5小时上网
- - -
"Can you get me that staff analysis by Tuesday?"
“你能给我在周二给我员工分析么？”

Matthew spends most of his time at work requesting and reviewing research reports, preparing memos and briefs for agency heads, and supervising staff efforts in food safety and inspection.
Matthew大多数工作的时间花在要求和审核报告、为机构负责人准备备忘和摘要，和监督视察员工在食品安全方面的作为。

Key Attributes 关键属性
Focused, goal-oriented 专注，面向目标的
Strong leadership role 较强的领导角色
Concerned about maintaining quality across all output of program under direction
关心在指导下维持一切项目的品质
本文来自www.amizhang.com/blog
-
Persona developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Economic Research Service (ERS).
角色由美国农业部经济调查服务建立

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What characteristics are included in a persona?
角色包括些什么特性？
本文来自www.amizhang.com/blog
A persona usually includes:
角色通常包括：

[*]a name and picture 名字和照片
[*]demographics (age, education, ethnicity, family status)
人口统计学属性（年龄，教育，种族，家庭地位）
[*]job title and major responsibilities 职位和主要职责
[*]goals and tasks in relation to your site 目标，与网站(产品)有关的任务
[*]environment (physical, social, technological) 环境（物理的，社会的，技术的）
[*]a quote that sums up what matters most to the persona with relevance for your site
一句引用，来概括网站(产品)的什么对角色来说最重要

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How do we select a name and photo?
怎样选择名字和照片

You make up the persona's name. Select one that resonates with the team as representing that user group. Be relevant and serious; humor usually is not appropriate here.
取个角色的名字。选个在代表用户群体时，和团队有共鸣的。要严肃而贴切，通常幽默在这并不合适。
本文来自www.amizhang.com/blog
For a picture, you can buy or license stock photography, although a more casual photo often resonates more with development teams. Don't make it a picture of someone the team knows. Make sure you have permission for the photo that you use. You can tell that you have a good picture if the team sees it and says "Oh, yes, that would be Jim, the Press Guy" or "Oh, yes, that's just what I see when I think of Rebecca, the Program Officer."
你可以从摄影库中买或获得许可获得一张照片，尽管一张更随意的照片经常让开发团队有更多的共鸣。不要用团队成员认识的某人的照片。确认你有照片的使用权。若你的的团队看见照片时说“哦对，这就该是Jim，那个做出版的”或者“对啦，我想Rebecca就是这样的，那个项目官员”时，你可以说你有了张好照片。

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What are the benefits of personas?
角色的好处是什么？

Personas bring many benefits, including these:
角色带来很多利益，包括以
下这些：本文来自www.amizhang.com/blog

[*]Users' goals and needs become a common point of focus for the team.
用户的目标和需求将成为团队共同的关注点
[*]The team can concentrate on designing for a manageable set of personas knowing that they represent the needs of many users.
团队可以专注于为一组可控的角色而设计，他们代表着多数用户的需求
[*]By always asking, "Would Jim use this?" the team can avoid the trap of building what users ask for rather than what they will actually use.
经常问问“Jim会用这个吗？”团队可以避免绕弯路去设计用户要求的、而不是他们真正要用的东西。(用户有时也无法表达自己真正的需求)
[*]Design efforts can be prioritized based on the personas.
基于角色可以为设计区分优先级
[*]Disagreements over design decisions can be sorted out by referring back to the personas.
当设计上产生分歧时，可以通过回顾参考角色来解决
[*]Designs can be constantly evaluated against the personas, getting better designs into usability testing.
可以经常地通过和角色对照来评估设计，把更好的设计带入可用性测试

According to Forrester, many companies including Ford Motor Company, Microsoft, and Staples develop and use personas and they report many benefits from doing so, including:
根据Forrester，包括福特汽车、微软和史泰博等很多公司都建立和使用角色，并且反应藉此得到了很多好处，包括：本文来自www.amizhang.com/blog

[*]a better understanding of customers
对顾客更好的理解
[*]shorter design cycles
更短的设计周期
[*]improved product quality
促进产品品质

本文来自www.amizhang.com/blog
转载请附上原文链接，并注明作者/翻译者，谢谢！

在白鸦那里看到的，很有价值的图，看白鸦和朋友认真地翻译了，不过一块一块黄色有点影响阅读 [stun] 。正好前两天也帮朋友做图的翻译工作，今天也加工一下，便于大家阅读。也希望有机会和大家多多交流 [wink]

原文:
http://www.uicom.net/blog/article.asp?id=457
http://www.uicom.net/blog/article.asp?id=458

图片的官网:
http://experiencedynamics.com/science_of_usability/usability_posters/user_experience/

另外
关于“用户体验的价值”一图的翻译和补充说明http://bicespring.blogbus.com/logs/2006/09/3447638.html

新浪原文：
http://blog.sina.com.cn/u/5772b0e701000610